ArticleRevista de saude publica2026
Functional impact of long Covid on work performance and return to work: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Revista de saude publica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between long Covid and socioeconomic, clinical, healthcare, and functional factors with reduced work performance and difficulty returning to work.
methodsA cross-sectional study of individuals in São Paulo aged ≥ 18 years with long Covid (77.8%), with data collected between April 2023 and June 2024. A systematic random sample of severe and mild Covid-19 cases from March 2020 to January 2022. The severity of Covid-19 was classified according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Prevalences were assessed, and a Poisson test was performed to examine the association between reduced work performance and difficulty returning to work and sociodemographic, clinical, healthcare-related, and functional factors considered significant (p ≤ 0.05). Among the participants, 43.9% experienced reduced work performance, and 22.2% had difficulty returning to work. Long Covid is defined as having two or more symptoms that develop and persist for more than four weeks after Covid-19, cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis, and are assessed using a Likert scale for the intensity of self-reported symptoms (0-10). Participants' functional status was assessed using scales for basic activities (Katz), instrumental activities (Lawton), functional limitations (WHO-DAS), and sarcopenia (SARC-F).
resultsPoorer work performance was associated with advanced age (PR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.27-3.80), as well as being the primary provider (PR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.05-2.29), and having moderate (OR = 2.99; 95%CI 1.60-5.58) or severe (OR = 4.88; 95%CI 2.59-9.19) functional impairment. For difficulty returning to work, the main association observed was severe functional impairment (OR = 4.33; 95%CI 1.58-11.80).
conclusionIt is noteworthy that advanced age and, particularly, severe functional impairment were significantly associated with poorer performance and difficulty returning to work in the studied population with long Covid.
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