ArticleJournal of nursing management2026
Development and Validation of the Health Belief Model-Based Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale for Nursing Staff.
Article in Journal of nursing management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of the Health Belief Model-Based Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale for Nursing Staff.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNursing staff frequently encounter serious occupational exposure risks that may adversely affect both their physical well-being and mental health. Their awareness of these risks plays a pivotal role in shaping protective behaviors and influencing how they recognize and respond to workplace hazards. However, existing assessment tools have several limitations, including a lack of robust theoretical foundation and an inability to reflect the complexity of contemporary clinical environments.
methodsThis multiphase study developed and validated a scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The process included a structured literature review for item generation, a two-round Delphi consultation, a pilot survey (400 nurses) with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and a cross-sectional validation sample (1250 nurses) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient.
resultsThe final scale comprised 32 items organized into five theoretically grounded dimensions: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. The results of EFA and CFA supported the proposed five-factor model. Fit indices suggested an acceptable model fit: chi-square/df = 2.941; RMSEA = 0.039; CFI = 0.974; NFI = 0.961; IFI = 0.974. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.927. The total Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient was 0.659, and dimension-level coefficients ranged from 0.832 to 0.937.
conclusionThe proposed HBM-based Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale (HBM-OERPS) showed initial validity evidence and good internal consistency for assessing nurses' perceptions of occupational hazards within an HBM framework. NURSING IMPLICATIONS: The HBM-OERPS provides an effective tool for future assessment of occupational exposure risk beliefs among nursing staff. This approach assists in identifying domain-specific risk-belief deficits and guides the design of targeted occupational safety education, resource allocation, and management strategies.
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