ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
The chain mediation effect of self-regulation and pre-sleep smartphone use on the relationship between smartphone dependence and bedtime procrastination among college students.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Smartphone dependence and bedtime procrastination are prevalent behavioral issues among college students, yet the psychological mechanisms linking them remain underexplored. This study investigated the chain mediating roles of self-regulation and pre-sleep smartphone use in the relationship between smartphone dependence and bedtime procrastination. A sample of 1,482 Chinese college students completed validated measures of smartphone dependence, self-regulation, pre-sleep smartphone use, and bedtime procrastination. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses (5,000 resamples) were employed, controlling for gender and academic year. Results revealed that smartphone dependence positively predicted bedtime procrastination (standardized total effect of 0.56; direct effect of 0.21,
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