Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42614619›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations and Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters Among Children and Adults-VISION, United States, 2024-2025 Season.

Jennifer DeCuir, Emily L Reeves, Zachary A Weber, Duck-Hye Yang, Stephanie A Irving, Sara Y Tartof, Nicola P Klein, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Sarah W Ball and 34 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

44 authors.

Jennifer DeCuirNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-3875
Emily L ReevesNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-8724
Zachary A WeberClinical Research Practice, Westat, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6896-5050
Duck-Hye YangClinical Research Practice, Westat, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3493-1550
Stephanie A IrvingKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-6797
Sara Y TartofDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-8476
Nicola P KleinKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-4814
Shaun J GrannisCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Toan C OngSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-1407
Sarah W BallClinical Research Practice, Westat, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-8107
Malini B DeSilvaDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Kristin DascombDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-060X
Allison L NalewayKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Padma KoppoluKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA.
S Bianca SalasDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Lina S SyDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-9266
Bruno LewinDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-2791
Richard ContrerasDepartment of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA.
Ousseny ZerboKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-6215
John R HansenKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-2673
Lawrence BlockKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Karen B JacobsonKaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Brian E DixonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-0607
Colin RogersonCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-2399
Thomas DuszynskiCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
William F FadelCenter for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Michelle A BarronSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-7410
David MayerSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-9771
Catia ChavezSchool of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Adam YatesClinical Research Practice, Westat, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Lindsey KirshnerClinical Research Practice, Westat, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Charlene E McEvoyDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Omobosola O AkinseteDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Inih J EssienDepartment of Research, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-8255
Tamara SheffieldDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7959-2684
Daniel BrideDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-1267
Julie ArndorferDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Josh Van OtterlooDivision of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8019-5773
Karthik NatarajanDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Caitlin S RayNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Amanda B PayneNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-7639
Katherine AdamsNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-1730
Brendan FlanneryNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Shikha GargNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-6669

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The 2024-2025 influenza season was the most severe in the United States (US) since 2017-2018, with co-circulation of both influenza A virus subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2). Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) has varied by season, setting, and patient characteristics. Methods: Using electronic healthcare encounter data from 7 VISION sites in 8 US states, we evaluated influenza VE against influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) encounters from October 2024 to April 2025 among children aged 6 months-17 years and adults aged ≥18 years. Using a test-negative, case-control design, we compared the odds of influenza vaccination between acute respiratory illness encounters with a positive (cases) versus negative (controls) test for influenza by molecular assay, adjusting for confounders. Results: Analyses included 108 618 encounters (5764 hospitalizations and 102 854 ED/UC encounters) among children and 309 483 encounters (76 072 hospitalizations and 233 411 ED/UC encounters) among adults. Among children across care settings, 17.0% (6097/35 765) of cases versus 29.4% (21 449/72 853) of controls were vaccinated. Among adults, 28.2% (21 832/77 477) of cases versus 44.2% (102 560/232 006) of controls were vaccinated. VE was 51% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 41%-60%) against influenza-associated hospitalizations and 54% (95% CI: 52%-55%) against influenza-associated ED/UC encounters among children. VE was 43% (95% CI: 41%-46%) against influenza-associated hospitalizations and 49% (95% CI: 47%-50%) against influenza-associated ED/UC encounters among adults. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination provided protection against influenza-associated hospitalizations and ED/UC encounters among children and adults in the US during the severe 2024-2025 influenza season. These findings support influenza vaccination as an important tool to reduce influenza.

Indexed as

case-control studiesinfluenzatest-negative designvaccinationvaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID42614619
PMCPMC13481979

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.