ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Athlete-specific force asymmetry monitoring in collegiate volleyball: a prospective observational cohort.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To compare jump performance and inter-limb force asymmetry between male and female collegiate volleyball athletes, examine short-term in-season stability and identify which asymmetry metrics best support applied monitoring and reconditioning decisions. Methods: In a prospective cohort, NCAA Division I volleyball athletes (23 males, 18 females) completed weekly bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ). Inter-limb asymmetry indices for peak force, braking force, and rate of force development (RFD) were computed as the absolute percentage difference between limbs (100·|Right-Left|/max[Right, Left]) and summarized using 5-week centered rolling means. Between-sex comparisons used two-tailed tests with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate control. Athlete profiles were derived via k-means clustering on the three asymmetry features, and a shallow decision tree identified the most informative metric. Results: Males produced higher absolute jump outputs, whereas inter-limb asymmetry magnitudes were modest (approximately 5%-11%) and overlapped substantially between sexes; no between-sex differences in peak-force, braking-force, or RFD asymmetry remained significant after correction (all q = 0.207). A Conclusions: In-season CMJ force asymmetry in collegiate volleyball was small, largely overlapping between sexes, and showed limited systematic drift at the group level. RFD asymmetry emerged as the primary descriptor of asymmetry-based profiles but should be interpreted cautiously alongside more stable CMJ outputs. Summarizing weekly asymmetry with 5-week centered rolling means provides coach-ready signals for athlete-specific, profile-based monitoring rather than sex-based thresholds and offers guidance for structuring asymmetry-based monitoring and prioritizing training and reconditioning emphases.
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