ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Unadjuvanted antenatal pertussis OMV vaccination drives enhanced and durable humoral immunity in offspring.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Antenatal-immunization is the primary strategy to protect neonates from pertussis. However, the global shift to acellular vaccines (aP) has raised concerns regarding the duration of transferred immunity, largely due to the Th2-skewed profile they induce. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy transferred to offspring by a novel, unadjuvanted Methods: Female mice received a primary two-dose series of aP followed by an antenatal booster of either OMVPreg or aPPreg. Offspring from successive litters were intranasally challenged with Results: Both vaccines were immunogenic in dams, albeit with distinct profiles. The primary two-dose aP schedule, as well as the aPPreg booster, elicited a predominantly IgG1 isotype response (Th2-skewed), whereas OMVPreg induced a mixed IgG1/IgG2a/IgG3 response. This balanced isotype profile was achieved despite prior aP priming, indicating that the OMV booster effectively redirected maternal immunity. The isotype polarization was faithfully transferred to offspring, and IgG-levels in OMVPreg pups remained stable across successive litters, unlike aPPreg pups which showed a significant decline. Upon challenge, OMVPreg offspring exhibited an age-dependent mixed cellular profile: neonates produced higher IFN-γ and IL-22, infants higher IL-17, and adults maintained higher IFN-γ compared to aPPreg counterparts (offspring born shortly after antenatal boost), confirming that OMVs provide essential Th1 signals deficient in aP-boosted offspring. Regarding protection, both vaccines provided equivalent bacterial clearance in early litters (within 12 weeks post-booster). However, in adult offspring from late-born litters (>14weeks), aPPreg-mediated protection waned (4.6 log Conclusion: Unadjuvanted OMVs effectively modulate the offspring's immune environment, bridging the vulnerability gap left by acellular vaccines. Notably, this was achieved despite prior aP priming, demonstrating that the OMV booster redirects maternal immunity toward a balanced isotype profile and a mixed Th1/Th17-antibody isotype signature response. This translated into long-term protection against severe pulmonary disease in offspring, even as passive maternal antibodies waned.
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