ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026
Insurance and early racial disparities in skin-to-skin care during NICU hospitalization.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate sociodemographic disparities in parent engagement behaviors during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. STUDY
designWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 656 infants admitted to a Level IV NICU. Weekly parent engagement behaviors, including skin-to-skin care (SCC), were obtained from nursing flowsheet data and linked to clinical and sociodemographic data. Mixed-effects negative binomial models evaluated associations with weekly engagement counts.
resultsPublic insurance was associated with fewer weekly engagement events across most domains, including SSC (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.39), holding (aIRR 0.62), participation in cares (aIRR 0.47) and bedside presence (aIRR 0.61) (all p < 0.001). Although race was not associated with SSC across hospitalization, Black infants received fewer SSC sessions during Weeks 1-2, compared to White infants.
conclusionsInsurance-related disparities in engagement persist throughout hospitalization, whereas racial disparities in SSC were concentrated early, suggesting early hospitalization as a critical window for equity-focused interventions.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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