ArticleScientific reports2026
The effect of education provided to university students on sustainable nutrition: a comparison of ChatGPT and individual nutrition education.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face, individually delivered sustainable nutrition education for university students with that of a ChatGPT-generated educational brochure. The Sustainable Eating Behavior Scale, the Sustainable Food Literacy Scale, and the Sustainable Food Choice Questionnaire were used. Face-to-face group education was provided, and the ChatGPT-generated data was distributed to students in the brochure group without modification. In generalized linear mixed model analyses, while the main effect of time was strong for all scales (p < 0.001), statistically significant results were obtained for the time × education type interaction in the Behaviors Scale Towards Sustainable Nutrition (β = -27.47, p < 0.001), the Sustainable Food Literacy Scale (β = -38.54, p < 0.001), and the Sustainable Food Choice Scale (β = -26.41, p < 0.001). Face-to-face education yielded greater improvements across all scales compared to a ChatGPT-generated educational brochure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the literature to compare the effects of face-to-face and ChatGPT-generated educational brochure on sustainable nutrition. Although both types of education were effective, face-to-face nutrition education had a stronger effect than the ChatGPT-generated educational brochure. AI-powered tools may complement sustainable nutrition education; however, face-to-face education demonstrated stronger effects on the measured outcomes in the present study.
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