ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2026
Moderate Compared With Low Serum ω-3 PUFAs Are Associated With Favorable Scholastic Outcomes in Ugandan Adolescents Regardless of Perinatal HIV Status.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssociations between fatty acids (FAs) and scholastic outcomes in adolescents are understudied. These relationships may be especially important in adolescents with perinatal HIV exposure or infection who are more vulnerable to FA insufficiency and educational disruption.
objectivesTo evaluate associations between baseline FAs, including essential FA deficiency (EFAD), and scholastic outcomes over 18 mo, and to assess heterogeneity by perinatal HIV status among Ugandan adolescents.
methodsAdolescents (n = 373) were followed for 18 mo. Baseline serum FAs, including the triene:tetraene (T:T) ratio, were categorized into tertiles ("low," "moderate," and "high"). Scholastic outcomes were assessed every 6 mo via questionnaires. Self-report scholastic disadvantage, school aversion, and teacher challenge were age- and sex-standardized to z-scores; grade repetition, non-enrollment, and morbidity-related educational loss were dichotomous. Time-averaged mean differences (MDs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured using adjusted linear mixed-effects models or generalized estimating equations. FA × HIV interactions assessed heterogeneity by perinatal HIV status.
resultsModerate compared with low total omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were associated with lower teacher challenge [MD (95% CI): -0.27 (-0.47, -0.07)], whereas a higher ω-6:ω-3 ratio was associated with greater teacher challenge [0.30 (0.07, 0.52)]. Contrary to hypotheses, a high compared with low T:T ratio was associated with lower school aversion [-0.36 (-0.73, 0.00)] and non-enrollment OR [OR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.35, 0.94)]. High Mead acid concentrations, however, correlated with higher odds of morbidity-related educational loss [2.48 (1.01, 6.15)]. Associations were more consistent for standardized z-score outcomes than dichotomous outcomes. When heterogeneity was present, associations differed by HIV status, with patterns varying across outcomes.
conclusionsω-3 PUFAs and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio are more consistently associated with scholastic outcomes than EFAD markers, highlighting the importance of ω-3 PUFA status among adolescents affected by perinatal HIV. Future studies may consider these findings to develop tailored nutritional interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.