Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42612637›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Prevention of myopia in a near-primate by supplemental indigo light suggests a hypothesis for the myopia boom.

Rafael Grytz, Mustapha El Hamdaoui, Takahiro Yamashita, Shane P D'Souza, Mahmoud Tawfik KhalafAllah, Mehlika Inanici, Richard A Lang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rafael GrytzDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA. Electronic address: rafaelgrytz@uabmc.edu.
Mustapha El HamdaouiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Takahiro YamashitaDepartment of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Shane P D'SouzaDivision of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Science of Light Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Mahmoud Tawfik KhalafAllahDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA; Vision Science Graduate Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Mehlika InaniciDepartment of Architecture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Richard A LangDivision of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Science of Light Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: richard.lang@cchmc.org.

Funding

Visual Phenotyping CoreP30EY003039 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Paul Douglas Gamlin · 1985 to 2026
$16.9M
Cornea biomechanical analysis with Brillouin microscopyR01EY028666 · NEI · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI James Bradley Randleman, Giuliano Scarcelli · 2018 to 2026
$4.1M
Scleral Remodeling in MyopiaR01EY026588 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Rafael Grytz · 2016 to 2026
$4.1M
Dopamine Mediated Control of Retinal Vascular IntegrityR01EY032566 · NEI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Melanie A Samuel · 2022 to 2026
$3.1M
Advanced Imaging and Simulation Tools for Personalized Corneal Disease Assessment and SurgeryR01EY032633 · NEI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI DUPPS, WILLIAM JOSEPH, GRYTZ, RAFAEL · 2022 to 2025
$2.5M
Light regulated vascular development in the eye via the Hippo pathwayR01EY032029 · NEI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI LANG, RICHARD A., XIN, MEI · 2021 to 2024
$1.6M
Mechanisms of intrinsic light responses in the ocular lensR01EY032752 · NEI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI LANG, RICHARD A. · 2021 to 2024
$1.6M
Melanopsin-dependent light-evoked development of rod photoreceptorsR01EY034456 · NEI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Richard A. Lang · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
The mechanism of extra-visual circadian photoentrainment in mammalsR01GM152641 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Ethan D Buhr · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
Novel correlations in cellular, molecular and structural alterations in experimental juvenile myopiaR21EY036560 · NEI · LEGACY EMANUEL HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CENTER · PI CHAUDHARY, PRIYA, EL HAMDAOUI, MUSTAPHA · 2024 to 2025
$447k
Indigo Eyewear for Treating Myopia ProgressionR43EY038143 · NEI · ELECTRIC INDIGO, LLC · PI GRYTZ, RAFAEL, PUCKER, ANDREW D · 2025 to 2025
$357k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003039NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026588NEI NIH HHS R01 EY028666NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032029NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032566NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032633NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032752NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034456NEI NIH HHS R21 EY036560NEI NIH HHS R43 EY038143NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM152641
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Today, about 2.8 billion people worldwide suffer from myopia (nearsightedness), and projections place the 2050 burden at 4.8 billion people (the "myopia boom"). Myopia results from abnormal elongation of the eye, which causes images to focus in front of the retina. Building on prior work in mouse models assessing the non-visual opsin OPN5, we test the hypothesis that insufficient exposure to short-wavelength light increases myopia susceptibility. We use the tree shrew, a near-primate model for human myopia. Our findings show that indigo light in the range of 419-446 nm, when used to supplement a warm white light-emitting diode (LED), completely suppresses myopia induced by minus-lens wear. A large body of genetic and epidemiological evidence suggests that the "myopia boom" has an environmental cause. Our findings align with this evidence and suggest that one contributing factor is the relative absence of indigo light in built environments where we spend 86% of our time.

Indexed as

Indigo CarmineLightMyopiaAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHumansIndigo Carminecone opsindiopteremmetropizationindigo lightLARK v.3.0luminancemyopianearsightednessocular lensocular lens wavelength transmissionOPN1SWOPN3OPN4OPN5refractionrefractive developmenttree shrewTupaia belangeriviolet lightμ-opic

Identifiers

PMID42612637
PMCPMC13589487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.