ArticleChild abuse & neglect2026
Infant, maternal and pregnancy associated risk factors for offspring fractures during infancy - A population-based study.
Article in Child abuse & neglect, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe etiology of fractures during infancy includes birth trauma, accidents, and uncommon medical conditions predisposing to bone fragility. A 2018 study from Sweden suggested several hypothesized metabolic bone disease (MBD) risk factors elevated maternal BMI, smoking, multiple gestation birth, and small-for-gestational age may predispose infants to fractures.
objectiveTo evaluate the incidence, etiology, and associated infant and maternal factors for non-birth-related fractures during infancy. PARTICIPANTS AND
settingInfants born between 2009 and 2018 in Olmsted County, Minnesota.
methodsThis was a retrospective population-based case-control study. Infants with fractures (n = 89) were matched with controls (n = 162) on birth year, season, and sex. Chart reviews captured demographics, clinical variables, fracture characteristics, and potential MBD risk factors. Conditional logistic regression and Fisher's Exact Tests were used to evaluate associations.
resultsFracture incidence during infancy was 3.9 per 1000. Mean age at fracture was 7.0 months (SD 3.7), with 64% occurring after 6 months of age or more. Accidents were reported in 78% of cases, primarily falls (81%). Reports to child protective services occurred in 30% of cases, with 6.7% showing substantial additional evidence of inflicted injury. Prematurity (<37 weeks) was the only variable associated with fracture risk (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.03-7.0).
conclusionsNon-birth-related fractures in infancy are uncommon, predominantly accidental, and associated with prematurity. No association was found between infant fracture and several novel hypothesized MBD risk factors. Accurate identification of fracture etiology requires thorough clinical evaluation, as administrative coding alone is insufficient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.