ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination and Implications for Hospital-Based Interventions.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Structural inequities and social determinants influence vaccination rates and related health outcomes. In 2025 in the USA, reduced federal funding for state and local vaccination programs and revised FDA COVID-19 vaccine policy have created new logistical and financial barriers to immunization, particularly for patients already facing limited access to care. This perspective highlights the role hospitals can play in reducing these barriers, through an example case study of a large academic medical center in Phoenix, AZ. Although this hospital routinely offers pneumococcal and annual influenza vaccines to inpatients, it has elected not to offer COVID-19 vaccines. To evaluate this potential missed opportunity, we conducted a retrospective review of more than 33,700 adult patients, analyzing COVID-19 vaccination rates and identifying independent risk factors for being unvaccinated, including measures of social determinants of health. We integrate findings from this retrospective analysis with global public health and medical literature to highlight the significant impact that health systems can have on improving vaccine access and uptake for patients experiencing health disparities.
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