Source apportionment of eleven trace metals across six São Paulo river basins (1978-2026): receptor modelling identifies geogenic misregulation and a monitoring blind spot for diffuse-source zinc.

Hugo Pimentel Tavares, Nilo Antônio de Souza Sampaio

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental geochemistry and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hugo Pimentel TavaresDepartamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DEAMB), Faculdade de Tecnologia (FAT), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil. tavares.hugo@posgraduacao.uerj.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8137-9054

Nilo Antônio de Souza SampaioDepartamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DEAMB), Faculdade de Tecnologia (FAT), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trace metal contamination of freshwater systems arises from a superposition of geogenic and anthropogenic sources that compliance monitoring cannot disentangle. This study applies Non-negative Matrix Factorisation (NMF) receptor modelling to 126,140 records of eleven trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) at 114 monitoring stations across six water management units (UGRHIs) of São Paulo State, Brazil (1978-2026), operated by CETESB-one of the longest continuous total-recoverable multi-metal river monitoring records in Latin America. Four geochemically interpretable source factors are resolved: Fe-Al geogenic weathering (F1), Al soil erosion (F2), Fe-Mn redox/industrial effluents (F3), and Zn-Mn urban diffuse sources (F4). Mann-Kendall trend analysis (2000-2025) reveals two divergent trajectories: copper declines significantly (Cu,

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringMetalsMetals, HeavyRiversTrace ElementsWater Pollutants, ChemicalZincBrazilMetalsMetals, HeavyTrace ElementsWater Pollutants, ChemicalZincCETESBCONAMAEnvironmental healthGeogenic contaminationLong-term monitoringNon-negative matrix factorisationReceptor modellingSão PauloTrace metalsTyre wear particlesZinc

Identifiers

PMID42611338

DOI10.1007/s10653-026-03379-2

PMCPMC13486052

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.