ReviewLocal and regional anesthesia2026
Lidocaine Delivery Systems for Preventing Postoperative Sore Throat: From Direct Spray to Soft Mist.
Review in Local and regional anesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is common after tracheal intubation, with pooled estimates of 32.4% at 1 hour and 16.4% at 24 hours in a recent systematic review. This narrative review examines how lidocaine delivery systems influence airway deposition, tolerability, duration of exposure, and safety. PubMed/MEDLINE and Crossref-indexed records were searched from inception through July 20, 2026, with backward citation tracking. Randomized trials, systematic reviews, pharmacology studies, and device or aerosol studies relevant to POST prevention or airway topicalization were prioritized. Direct spray is rapid, familiar, and inexpensive but produces operator-dependent deposition and may provoke coughing. Nebulization is gentler and useful for awake airway management, although delivered dose and anatomic coverage vary with the device and breathing pattern. Alkalinized intracuff lidocaine provides sustained exposure at the cuff-tracheal interface; in one 90-patient trial, POST occurred in 13% versus 67% of placebo recipients at 24 hours. Soft-mist delivery may reduce plume-related irritation, but its evidence base remains preliminary: a single-center 100-patient trial reported 24-hour POST in 4% versus 38% of controls, without comparison against optimized spray or nebulization. These estimates should not be compared as treatment rankings because populations and protocols differed. Lidocaine is best used selectively within a multimodal bundle that includes appropriate endotracheal-tube sizing, atraumatic intubation, cuff-pressure control, cumulative-dose accounting, and standardized outcome assessment. No delivery system has yet been shown to be definitively superior or most cost-effective.
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