Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42609836›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in tuberculosis: protective immunity and translational perspectives.

Zhiyun Shi, Yixin Ding, Xueyan Jing, Fan Wang, Xuelan Huang, Peng Wang, Hekun Liu, Ningkui Niu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhiyun Shi *Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Yixin Ding *The First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Xueyan JingThe First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Fan WangThe First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Xuelan HuangMedical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Peng WangMedical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Hekun LiuDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Ningkui NiuKey Laboratory of Clinical Pathogenic Microorganisms, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Vγ9Vδ2 T cells constitute the predominant human circulating γδ T cell subset and serve as key mediators of anti-mycobacterial immunity through major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted phosphoantigen recognition and rapid effector activation. Summary: This review evaluates Vγ9Vδ2 T cell biology in the context of tuberculosis (TB). We delineate the three-stage developmental pathway of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus and the butyrophilin 3A1/2A1 (BTN3A1/BTN2A1)-mediated "inside-out" antigen sensing mechanism, noting the limitations of extrapolating Conclusion: Vγ9Vδ2 T cells offer distinct advantages for TB immunotherapy and vaccine design, but significant translational barriers remain. Future studies must address subset heterogeneity across infection stages, the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming governing functional fate decisions, standardized correlates of protection, and BTN-targeted strategies validated in TB-specific preclinical models. The integration of single-cell multi-omics and CRISPR-based functional screening with γδ T cell biology offers a promising path toward clinical translation.

Indexed as

Mycobacterium tuberculosisReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaT-Lymphocyte SubsetsTuberculosisAnimalsButyrophilinsHumansLymphocyte ActivationTuberculosis VaccinesButyrophilinsReceptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-deltaTuberculosis Vaccinesbutyrophilinsimmune memoryimmunotherapyinnate-like T cellsmycobacterium tuberculosisphosphoantigenstuberculosis vaccineVγ9Vδ2 T cells

Identifiers

PMID42609836
PMCPMC13478964

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.