ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Ongoing Outbreak of
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, yet its dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon are poorly understood. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, serogroup B IMD resurged in Brazil, raising concerns about changing transmission patterns in regions with limited healthcare access. Methods: We conducted an epidemiological and genomic investigation of an ongoing IMD outbreak in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon, between 2023 and 2025. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were integrated with whole-genome sequencing of 69 isolates. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of mortality, and phylogenomic analyses characterized transmission dynamics and clonal expansion. Results: A total of 343 IMD cases were identified, of which 321 (93.6%) were caused by serogroup B, resulting 34 deaths (case-fatality rate, 10.6%). Incidence increased up to 5-fold compared with national rates and disproportionately affected young children and adults. Mortality was independently associated with meningococcemia (adjusted odds ratio, 84.52; 95% confidence interval, 5.70-1253.65; Conclusions: A highly clonal serogroup B meningococcal outbreak emerged in the Brazilian Amazon following the COVID-19 pandemic, with substantial mortality and rapid geographic spread. These findings highlight the importance of strengthened genomic surveillance and support targeted vaccination strategies to improve outbreak preparedness in underserved regions.
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