Feeding Behaviours in Families With Children or Young People With Autism: A Systematic Review.

Children and young people with autism often experience feeding difficulties and are at increased risk of food insecurity. However, the interplay between these challenges remains underexplored. This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of feeding behaviours in families with children with autism, alongside associated factors such as sensory sensitivity and mealtime dynamics. Nine databases identified 399 records. Following screening, 88 original empirical research studies (including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods designs) were included. Studies were included if they investigated children and young people with autism under 25 years and focused on feeding behaviours. Reviews, meta-analyses, editorials, protocols and grey literature were excluded. Included studies were critically appraised and findings were synthesised using narrative analysis. The analysis highlighted widespread food selectivity, sensory sensitivities and restrictive eating patterns, contributing to nutritional deficiencies and parental stress. Children with autism commonly preferred starchy foods and snack foods, alongside reduced consumption of protein-rich foods, with mealtime challenges including refusal and social disruption. Sensory processing difficulties and autism severity were strongly linked to feeding behaviours. Feeding difficulties are prevalent among children with autism and are shaped by sensory sensitivities and family dynamics. Tailored interventions, standardised assessment tools and further research into the social and nutritional implications of feeding challenges are needed to better support children with autism and their families.