Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2026
Seroprevalence of hepatitis D among hepatitis B-infected patients attending the viral hepatitis treatment unit in Alexandria, Egypt: a prospective cross-sectional observational study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection accelerates liver illness progression in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals, yet its prevalence in Alexandria, Egypt, is unknown.
methodsWe carried out a prospective cross-sectional observational study on 158 HBsAg-positive adults attending the Alexandria University Viral Hepatitis Treatment Unit (Sept 2022-Aug 2023). All underwent clinical, laboratory, and imaging assessment, and serum total anti-HDV antibodies were detected by ELISA.
resultsAnti-HDV antibodies were detected in 19.6% (31/158) of patients (95% CI, 13.4%-26.8%). HDV-positive patients were older (mean 50.9 ± 12.0 vs. 45.3 ± 11.6 years, p = 0.024), had higher ALT (median 38 vs. 32 U/L, p = 0.010) and AST (median 40 vs. 31 U/L, p = 0.009), more frequent significant fibrosis (74.2% vs. 51.2%, p = 0.021), and lower HBV DNA levels (median 0.04 vs. 0.70 × 10³ IU/mL, p = 0.017). Hepatic encephalopathy was more common across HDV-positive participants (12.9% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.014).
conclusionNearly one in five HBsAg-positive patients in Alexandria, Egypt, had evidence of HDV exposure, with associations suggesting more advanced liver injury. These findings support universal HDV screening among all HBsAg-positive individuals in Egypt. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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