ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2026
Imaging of intranasal drug delivery to the brain: updated review 2.0.
Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the first review on imaging of intranasal drug delivery (INDD) was published in 2020, interest in the topic has increased, necessitating an update, which is the basis of the current review. INDD is a promising alternative for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vivo imaging is also important for therapy assessment, both clinically and preclinically. This review details studies that further our understanding of INDD and the fate of these therapies in the CNS using in vivo imaging. We performed a literature search using the keywords "Intranasal delivery" and "Imaging" from 2020 to 2025 and summarized these findings in the current updated review. This review is not comprehensive but provides examples of recent publications that explore the various treatments under development for nose-to-brain (N2B) therapeutic delivery through imaging. Imaging will include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) for both humans and animals. Additional specialty topics pursued experimentally in animals include in vivo optical imaging techniques, including bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. Finally, we discuss image-guided therapeutic techniques such as focused ultrasound and conclude with future directions. In this review, we introduce each imaging modality, describe its utilization, and outline its strengths and weaknesses, specifically in the context of N2B therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42608512What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.