Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical consequence of enteral feeding intolerance in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury: a two-center study.

Yuanrun Zhu, Wei Ji, Chen Jiang, Kangli Xu, Haibo Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Yadong Wang

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Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Yuanrun Zhu *The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Wei Ji *The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Chen JiangThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Kangli XuThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Haibo LiThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Xiaofeng YangThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. zjcswk@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0994-5118

Yadong WangThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. 11718340@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0981-7717

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) support is important for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is common among critically ill patients and may lead to inadequate EN support. Currently, TBI in elderly individuals poses a growing health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical consequences of EFI in elderly patients with TBI.

methodsWe performed a two-center retrospective analysis. Elderly patients (>59 years old) with TBI admitted from January 2022 to December 2024 were included. A total of 934 patients were screened, and 159 were finally analyzed.

resultsThe overall prevalence of EFI was 44.0%. High gastric residual volume (42.9%) and diarrhea (41.4%) were the two most common direct causes of EFI. Age, blood transfusion and ventilation duration were independent risk factors for EFI. Patients with EFI were more likely to receive inadequate EN support (adjusted odds ratio 3.84, 95% CI: 1.39-10.63) and had higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.76, 95% CI: 1.16-6.56), as well as lower Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at discharge (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.96).

conclusionsEFI is common in elderly patients with TBI, and the risk increases with age. Blood transfusion and prolonged ventilation duration are independent risk factors for EFI, in addition to age. EFI episodes are associated with inadequate nutrition support and worse clinical outcomes. Interventions to manage EFI may benefit elderly patients with TBI.

Identifiers

PMID42608472

DOI10.3171/2014.11.jns141109

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