ArticleThe New phytologist2026
The combination of morphogenic regulators BABY BOOM and GRF-GIF improves maize transformation efficiency and promotes leaf regeneration.
Article in The New phytologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overexpression ofGenes · 2026Article
- MONOPTEROS isoform MP11ir plays a role during somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- Mechanism and Application of Developmental Factors in Plant Genetic Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Transcription factor binding divergence drives transcriptional and phenotypic variation in maize.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Investigating theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Advancements in delivery strategies and non-tissue culture regeneration systems for plant genetic transformation.Advanced biotechnology · 2024Review
- Appreciating animal induced pluripotent stem cells to shape plant cell reprogramming strategies.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Review
- A comprehensive review of in planta stable transformation strategies.Plant methods · 2024Review
- Investigating thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Application of Developmental Regulators for Enhancing Plant Regeneration and Genetic Transformation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Crop bioengineering via gene editing: reshaping the future of agriculture.Plant cell reports · 2024Review
- Leveraging Single-Cell Populations to Uncover the Genetic Basis of Complex Traits.Annual review of genetics · 2023Review
- Multifaceted roles of transcription factors during plant embryogenesis.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Recalcitrance to transformation, a hindrance for genome editing of legumes.Frontiers in genome editing · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Transformation is an indispensable tool for plant genetics and functional genomics. Although stable transformation in maize is no longer a major obstacle, there remains a need for accessible and efficient methods for academic laboratories. Here, we present the GGB system, a rapid and efficient approach optimized for immature embryo transformation in B104 and other maize lines. This system combines two distinct morphogenetic regulators, the wheat GRF4-GIF1 chimera and the maize BABY BOOM (BBM) transcription factor (hence the name "GGB") with a modified QuickCorn protocol, enabling regeneration of transformed maize plantlets in c. 2 months with an efficiency 7-fold higher than when compared to either morphogenic factor used in isolation. Expression of both regulators did not significantly affect development, eliminating the need to excise them after regeneration. However, transmission of the transgenic GGB construct through pollen was significantly reduced, potentially aiding transgenic line containment. We show that the GGB system is adaptable for CRISPR-Cas9 editing and reporter line generation. Furthermore, stable GGB transformants exhibited high leaf regeneration capacity via somatic embryogenesis. RNA-seq time-course profiling of GGB leaf cultures identified additional factors that could promote regeneration and led to the discovery of asparagine and trehalose as additional media components that significantly enhanced leaf regeneration.
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