ArticleBMJ open2026
Global surgical landscape and outcomes in Crohn's disease in the biologics era: a systematic review protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDespite numerous studies on surgical outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD), global evidence remains fragmented, with limited synthesis of data on international surgical trends, regional variations and comparative outcomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the rates of CD-related surgeries in the biologic era and to identify evidence gaps to inform future surgical strategies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL from 9 February 2015 to 10 February 2025. A combination of controlled vocabulary and free-text terms related to surgical interventions and CD will be used to identify relevant literature. Studies eligible for inclusion include observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome is overall surgical rates in CD. Secondary outcomes include emergency versus elective surgery, minimally invasive vs conventional approaches, disease duration prior to surgery, permanent stoma formation rates, reconstruction approach and postoperative complications. Both adult and paediatric populations are considered. The risk of bias will be assessed independently by reviewers using appropriate tools. Meta-analyses or narrative synthesis will be conducted based on study heterogeneity, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore regional, temporal and methodological variability. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol does not require ethical approval, as it involves secondary data analysis. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal publications and relevant conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD420251006137.
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Registered trials
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