Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42607727›Full record

ArticleDiabetes research and clinical practice2026

Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT 2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas with incident cancer in type 2 diabetes.

Stacey M Sklepinski, Jeph Herrin, Kavya Sindhu Swarna, Joshua J Neumiller, Rodolfo J Galindo, Guillermo E Umpierrez, Joseph S Ross, Yihong Deng, Eric C Polley, Mindy M Mickelson and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Stacey M SklepinskiUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Jeph HerrinSection of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA.
Kavya Sindhu SwarnaMayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
Joshua J NeumillerDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd., PBS 130, Spokane, WA 99202-2131, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, 105 W 8th Ave, Suite 250E, Spokane, WA 99204, USA.
Rodolfo J GalindoDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Guillermo E UmpierrezDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Joseph S RossDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Yihong DengMayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Optum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
Eric C PolleyDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Mindy M MickelsonMayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Rozalina G McCoyOptum Labs, 1 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, 6116 Executive Boulevard, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Electronic address: Rozalina.McCoy@som.umaryland.edu.

Funding

University of Maryland Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (UM-OAIC)P30AG028747 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Leslie I. Katzel, ALICE S. RYAN · 2006 to 2026
$28.9M
Real-world utilization, effectiveness, and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for alcohol use disorderR01AA032254 · NIAAA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Samuel T Savitz, Joshua David Wallach · 2025 to 2026
$1.5M
Program Development (Pilot) Core (Core B)P30AG097158 · NIA · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI Jie Chen, Rozalina Grubina McCoy · 2025 to 2026
$1.3M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA032254NIA NIH HHS P30 AG028747NIA NIH HHS P30 AG097158
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsLimited evidence exists regarding cancer risk associated with non-metformin glucose-lowering medication classes, particularly among obesity-related and obesity-nonrelated cancers.

methodsWe compared cancer risk following initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), or sulfonylureas by emulating a target trial using claims data from Optum Labs Data Warehouse and traditional Medicare (100% sample) among adults with type 2 diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk between January 2014 and December 2021. Random treatment assignment was emulated using propensity scores, which were incorporated as inverse probability of treatment weights into proportional hazard models. Primary outcome was any new cancer diagnosis; we secondarily examined cancer subgroups.

resultsAfter inverse probability of treatment weighting, 41,123 patients started GLP-1RA, 54,423 started SGLT2i, 73,803 started DPP4i, and 186,988 started sulfonylureas. GLP-1RA were associated with higher risk of new cancer diagnosis compared to DPP4i (HR 1.13, 95%CI 1.05-1.21). SGLT2i (HR 0.89, 95%CI 0.82-0.96) and sulfonylureas (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.81-0.92) had lower risks of cancer compared to GLP-1RA. Results were driven by obesity-nonrelated cancers, with no difference between study drugs for obesity-related cancers.

conclusionsThe increased risk of obesity-nonrelated cancers following GLP-1RA therapy warrants further investigation and caution among at-risk individuals.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsNeoplasmsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSulfonylurea CompoundsAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceInsulin SecretagoguesMaleMiddle AgedDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin SecretagoguesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSulfonylurea CompoundsCancerDipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitorsGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsSodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitorsSulfonylureasType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42607727
PMCPMC13717186

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.