Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42607584›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2026

Healthcare utilization among adults with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders (2019-2023): A study based on All of Us program.

Abdul-Hanan Saani Inusah, Muyang Wu, Zoey Babyak, Xiaoming Li, Shan Qiao

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Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abdul-Hanan Saani InusahDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Muyang WuDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Zoey BabyakDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Xiaoming LiDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Shan QiaoDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: shanqiao@mailbox.sc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCo-occurring substance use and mental health disorders (COD) are common, yet healthcare utilization patterns remain understudied. This study examined healthcare utilization patterns and sociodemographic and structural correlates among adults with COD in the All of Us Research Program (2019-2023).

methodsElectronic health record data from the All of Us Research Program were analyzed for adults with COD. Healthcare utilization outcomes were assessed from 2019 to 2023 and categorized into counseling and therapy, medication/somatic services, telehealth services, and other supportive services. Multivariable logistic regression examined sociodemographic and structural correlates of healthcare utilization, including interaction effects between income, disability status, and insurance type.

resultsAmong 11,238 participants, 32.9% received at least one documented substance use disorder- or mental health disorder-related healthcare service. Counseling and therapy accounted for the largest share of encounters, while telehealth utilization surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare utilization increased with age (≥65 years: aOR=2.24, 95% CI:1.86-2.70) and was lower among female participants (aOR=0.72, 95% CI:0.67-0.79). Significant interaction effects indicated that the relationship between insurance coverage and healthcare utilization varied across income and disability subgroups. Participants with higher income combined with private or multiple insurance coverage demonstrated some of the highest odds of healthcare utilization.

conclusionsHealthcare utilization among adults with COD remained low and reflected persistent structural inequities across income, disability, and insurance subgroups. Findings highlight the importance of strengthening integrated healthcare services, improving equitable access to care, and sustaining telehealth infrastructure to support long-term engagement in care.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersPatient Acceptance of Health CareSubstance-Related DisordersAdultAgedComorbidityCOVID-19Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTelemedicineUnited StatesYoung AdultAll of UsCo-occurring disordersHealthcare utilizationMental health disordersSubstance use disordersTelehealth

Identifiers

PMID42607584

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.