ArticlePloS one2026
Comparison of methods for in vivo and ex vivo quantification of iron in murine brain tumors.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIron is a redox-active biological trace element with concentration-dependent effects on human health and disease. This study evaluated multiple methods to quantify iron oxide nanoparticles for potential theragnostic applications in brain cancer.
methodsIron quantification protocols were developed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The techniques were evaluated in cell culture models and murine brain tumors treated with the iron oxide nanoparticle ferumoxytol. All methods were assessed for correlation between administered ferumoxytol dose and iron measurement as well as agreement with the ICP-MS gold standard.
resultsIn vivo MRI T2* and XRF iron measurements correlated with administered ferumoxytol dose (T2*: ρ = -0.64, p = 0.0034; XRF: ρ = 0.97, p = 2 x 10-15) and ex vivo ICP-MS results (T2*: ρ = -0.69, p = 0.012; XRF: ρ = 0.91, p < 2.2 x 10-16) with stronger, more significant correlations emerging for XRF than MRI T2*. However, unlike MRI, XRF cannot identify the spatial distribution of iron deposits. The developed UV-Vis protocol quantified iron in cell culture samples but failed in ex vivo brain tumor tissue.
conclusionThe successful in vivo and ex vivo quantification of tumor iron accumulation indicates that these methods are relevant in preclinical and clinical settings involving diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases. This work establishes a clear framework for choosing the ideal method based on iron concentration, equipment, budget, and sample identity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.