ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2026
Association of low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque with cognitive impairment in older adults with chronic diseases: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
ObjectiveThis retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations of low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque with cognitive impairment in older adults with chronic diseases and to evaluate potential interaction effects between these two factors.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 160 hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases. Cognitive function, sleep characteristics, carotid vascular status, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, carotid ultrasonography, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and joint associations of low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque with cognitive impairment. Additive and multiplicative interactions between low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque were also assessed.ResultsLow sleep efficiency was independently associated with cognitive impairment after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio = 5.053, 95% confidence interval: 2.384-10.709). Carotid plaque was also independently associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio = 2.988, 95% confidence interval: 1.491-5.990). Participants with both low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque had a markedly higher likelihood of cognitive impairment than those with neither exposure (odds ratio = 18.304, 95% confidence interval: 5.914-56.647). A significant additive interaction was observed between low sleep efficiency and carotid plaque, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 13.051 (95% confidence interval: 2.760-69.783) and an attributable proportion due to interaction of 0.713 (95% confidence interval: 0.311-0.920). No significant multiplicative interaction was found.ConclusionsLow sleep efficiency and carotid plaque were independently and jointly associated with cognitive impairment in hospitalized older adults with chronic diseases. Their co-occurrence showed suggestive evidence of a positive additive interaction, although the estimates were imprecise. These findings indicate that combined sleep and vascular assessment may help identify older adults at higher risk of cognitive impairment. Future prospective studies using objective sleep monitoring and neuroimaging are needed to confirm these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.