Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42606161›Full record

ArticleCurrent protocols2026

Deformation Microscopy: A Protocol for Full-Field, Micro- to Nano-Scale Imaging of Mechanics in Extracellular Matrix, Cells, and Nuclei.

Emily Y Miller, Skyler Hochmuth, Hongtian Zhu, Stephanie E Schneider, Soham Ghosh, Corey P Neu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Emily Y MillerBiomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Skyler HochmuthSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Hongtian ZhuPaul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Stephanie E SchneiderPaul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Soham GhoshSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-196X
Corey P NeuBiomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-5683

Funding

Probing Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis by Noninvasive Imaging of Cartilage StrainR01AR063712 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI NEU, COREY P · 2013 to 2023
$4.7M
Microphysiological joint-on-chip platform for the study of arthritic diseasesR01AR083379 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Corey P Neu, Gregory Whiting · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Biomechanics of Human Articular Cartilage Measured In VivoR21AR066230 · NIAMS · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI NEU, COREY P · 2014 to 2015
$357k
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR063712NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR083379NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR066230NIH 1349735NSF 1349735NSF 2212121NSF R01 AR063712
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The internal mechanics of living tissues, cells, and nuclei exhibit exquisite complexity, depend on dynamic structural changes, and influence biological functions such as tissue remodeling, cell homeostasis and migration, and gene expression. Full-field methods to reveal the internal mechanics of extracellular matrix, cells, and nuclei are emerging and can uncover new discoveries in mechanobiology. Here we detail a noninvasive technology to probe the internal mechanics of extracellular matrix, cells, and nuclei using a combination of imaging and deformation-matching computational approaches. Important to this technology is the acquisition of image data showing sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to capture a motion event, which can be readily evaluated using automated assessment of structural features. With careful consideration of image acquisition and processing parameters, micron- to nanometer-scale intracellular and intranuclear mechanics can be reliably measured with small displacement errors (<0.04 µm) using a conventional confocal or wide-field microscope. Further, the technology can be used to spatially correlate a multitude of biological events in complex biological problems. © 2026 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Quantifying cellular and nuclear deformation using deformation microscopy.

Indexed as

Cell NucleusExtracellular MatrixMicroscopyAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansImage Processing, Computer-Assistedcell and nuclear mechanicsimage‐based biomechanicsstraintissue mechanicstraction force microscopy

Identifiers

PMID42606161
PMCPMC13479776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.