ArticlePharmaceutical biology2026
Simultaneous quantification of seventeen kratom alkaloids and metabolites in human plasma and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic sample analysis.
Article in Pharmaceutical biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
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objectiveThe objective of the study was to develop and validate an ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of 12 kratom alkaloids along with 5 metabolites of mitragynine in human plasma. MATERIALS AND
methodsA sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantification of kratom alkaloids, including mitragynine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, mitraciliatine, paynantheine, isopaynantheine, corynantheidine, corynoxine-A, corynoxine-B, mitraphylline, speciofoline, and ajmalicine, along with five metabolites of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, 9-hydroxycorynantheidine, mitragynine 16-carboxylic acid, mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, and 3-dehydromitragynine in human plasma was developed and validated following FDA guidelines. Chemically unstable metabolites, 7-hydroxymitragynine and 9-hydroxycorynantheidine, were stabilized in human plasma. The bioanalytical method was further used for the analysis of plasma samples collected during a clinical trial involving four regular kratom users.
resultsThe method was linear over the concentration range of 1-250 ng/mL. A simple protein precipitation method was used to extract analytes. Upon oral administration of kratom products, most of the alkaloids were absorbed quickly and showed peak plasma concentrations within 1-2 h post-dose. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsMitragynine, speciociliatine, mitraciliatine, isopaynantheine, and paynantheine are major circulating alkaloids, with mitragynine 16-carboxylic acid and 9-hydroxycorynantheidine being the major circulating metabolites of mitragynine in plasma upon kratom oral administration.
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