ArticleIranian journal of pathology2026
Evaluation of β-catenin Expression by Immunohistochemistry in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma and its Correlation with Pathological Prognostic Factors.
Article in Iranian journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background & Objective: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Identifying molecular markers for predicting CRC outcomes is crucial. β-Catenin plays a key role in the Wnt signaling pathway and acts as an essential membrane protein linked with E-cadherin, vital for cell-cell adhesion and sustaining cell polarity. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin in colorectal adenoma and CRC, and its relationship with pathological prognostic indicators. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 55 adenoma and 45 CRC cases. Tumor morphology was examined using light microscopy. Chromogenic immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique was used to evaluate β-catenin expression. Results: Among 55 adenoma and 45 CRC cases, a significant link was found between β-catenin expression and tumor categorization. Malignant tumors exhibited higher nuclear β-catenin levels. Reduced membrane β-catenin expression was associated with deeper tumor invasion. A notable association was observed between nuclear β-catenin patterns and lymph node involvement, with higher nuclear levels indicating an increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis. Additionally, the study highlighted the relationship between β-catenin expression and TNM staging: early-stage disease showed higher membrane-bound β-catenin, while advanced stages had increased nuclear β-catenin. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a shift in β-catenin expression from the membrane in normal tissues to the nucleus in adenomas and CRCs. This progression underscores β-catenin's role in evaluating colorectal cancer malignancy risk, supporting early intervention. The gradational increase in nuclear β-catenin showed an association with advancing cancer stages, establishing it as a potential prognostic marker.
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