ArticleCureus2026
Patient-Centered Attitudes and Associated Factors Among Medical Students in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatient-centered care (PCC) is fundamental to healthcare quality, yet no data on patient-centered attitudes among medical students in Spain exist. This study assessed these attitudes using the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), identified associated factors, and compared findings internationally.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted of all six year groups at the University of Murcia, Spain, using the 18-item PPOS administered online. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
resultsOf 1,300 students invited, 359 participated (27.6% response; 66.3% female). Scores indicated patient-centered orientations (total PPOS 4.41 ± 0.40; Caring 4.82 ± 0.45; Sharing 4.01 ± 0.53). Female students scored higher across all scales (p < 0.001; d = 0.51). Sharing scores were the lowest dimension across all subgroups, regardless of sex, year, or motivation. No statistically significant difference was observed between preclinical and clinical students after Bonferroni correction, though this comparison remains inconclusive given the Caring subscale's limited reliability (α = 0.50) and unequal participation across year groups. In multiple linear regression, female sex and being in a relationship were significant predictors; complementary logistic regression confirmed these associations (OR = 0.44 and 0.58, respectively), though overall explained variance was low (R² < 0.08).
conclusionsSpanish medical students showed patient-centered orientations compared with international data. The consistently low Sharing scores suggest that students endorse empathic care more readily than shared decision-making, identifying the latter as a priority for communication skills training. The Caring subscale's limited reliability points to the need for a psychometrically validated Spanish version.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.