Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42605321›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

Comprehensive Review of Mesoporous Carbon and Mesoporous Silica in Poorly Soluble Drug Delivery: Insights into Drug Loading, Dissolution, Stability, and Pharmacological Performance.

Jeremy Marcelino, Yoga Windhu Wardhana, Laila Subra, Arif Budiman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jeremy MarcelinoDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacological Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0006-8241-6027
Yoga Windhu WardhanaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacological Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4337-899X
Laila SubraFaculty of Bioeconomic and Health Sciences, Geomatika University College, Kuala Lumpur, 54200, Malaysia.
Arif BudimanDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacological Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One of the major challenges in pharmaceutical drug development is the poor solubility of active compounds. Various strategies have been explored to improve drug solubility, including particle size reduction, crystal form modification, and amorphization. However, these approaches share a common limitation, namely poor physical stability. One promising alternative is the incorporation of drugs into mesoporous materials, which has been shown to improve the pharmaceutical properties of active compounds. The two most commonly studied materials are mesoporous carbon (MC) and mesoporous silica (MS). These materials are known to possess distinct structural and surface characteristics, which ultimately influence the drug delivery behavior of the loaded compounds. Although numerous studies have independently investigated drug delivery using mesoporous materials, direct comparisons between MC and MS remain limited. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review of both materials, particularly in terms of their ability to improve the pharmaceutical performance of poorly soluble drugs. Based on the available literature, MC appears to offer higher drug loading efficiency and improved physical stability in many formulations, whereas MS is frequently associated with faster dissolution profiles. Both materials improve drug solubility to a comparable extent and have also demonstrated potential to enhance bioavailability and pharmacological performance. These differences are mainly attributed to surface chemistry, where MC enables strong π-π and hydrophobic interactions, while MS primarily interacts through hydrogen bonding. Overall, both materials offer complementary advantages and should be selected based on formulation goals. This study aligns primarily with SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being by advancing drug formulation technologies to improve the efficacy, stability, and delivery of essential therapeutics.

Indexed as

CarbonDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsSilicon DioxideAnimalsDrug StabilityHumansParticle SizePharmaceutical PreparationsPorositySolubilityCarbonDrug CarriersPharmaceutical PreparationsSilicon Dioxidedissolutiondrug bioactivitygood health and well-beingmesoporous carbonmesoporous silicasolubilitystability

Identifiers

PMID42605321
PMCPMC13477659

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.