ArticlePediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2026
Early-life internalizing behavioral trajectories and childhood-onset asthma: An epigenetic link.
Article in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Early-life internalizing behavioral trajectories and childhood-onset asthma: An epigenetic link.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
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19 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundBehavioral problems and asthma in childhood are considered related despite the debatable causal relationship and unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether early-life behavioral problem trajectories affect the risk of childhood asthma and ascertained potential DNA-methylation mechanisms.
methodsBased on two independent birth cohorts, this study included 1041 and 1647 children aged 6-10 and 6-7 years in the Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and Allergic Diseases (COCOA) study and Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC), wherein asthma was defined by a physician's diagnosis and parental questionnaire, respectively. The Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was administered at ages 2-6 years. The CBCL trajectories were identified using a latent generalized mixture model. Blood samples from 7-year-old participants were used for DNA-methylation profiling and quantifying metabolites and proteins.
resultsTrajectories with high internalizing behavioral problem scores in preschool age were significantly associated with childhood-onset asthma. Increased CBCL anxiety/depression scores at age 2 (COCOA) and somatization scores at ages 4 and 6 (COCOA and PSKC) significantly increased the risk of asthma symptoms and current asthma. In an exploratory sub-study, DNA-methylation analysis suggested hypomethylation of HAL and MAD1L1 in children with co-occurring asthma and behavioral problems, accompanied by higher HAL protein and lower circulating histidine.
conclusionEarly-life internalizing behavioral problem trajectories precede childhood asthma, which may be mediated by methylation, especially of HAL and MAD1L1.
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