Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42605155›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2026

An Open Source Automated Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Algorithm for Prognosis in Primary Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Using Routine Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Sections.

Minying Deng, Xin Liu, Yuanlong Luo, Ayizimugu Abuduwaili, Qi Song, Rongkui Luo, Wen Huang, Lei Xu, Xiaolei Zhang, Lin Sun and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Minying DengDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xin LiuDepartment of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanlong LuoDepartment of Cosmetic Dermatology, Shanghai Time Plastic Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Ayizimugu AbuduwailiDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Qi SongDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Rongkui LuoDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Wen HuangDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lei XuDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaolei ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lin SunDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jieakesu SuDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chen XuDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yingyong HouDepartment of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 23ZR1410000Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality 23ZR1410200Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 2024ZZ1023Shanghai Municipal Health Commission shslczdzk01302
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWhile tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are prognostic in various cancers, their role in small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is unexplored. This study evaluates the prognostic significance of digitally quantified TILs in SBA.

methodsUsing digital pathology (QuPath) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides from 62 SBA cases, we quantified tumor cells, TILs (lymphocytes & plasma cells), and stromal components. Derived variables (eTILs, etTILs, esTILs, eaTILs, sTILs, iTILs, easTILs, and tumor-stroma ratio [TSR]) were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. To account for multiple comparisons across all statistical tests, false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied.

resultsSeveral TIL-related parameters showed suggestive associations with clinicopathological features (p < 0.05), though none remained significant after FDR correction. In univariate survival analysis, M stage and TNM stage were strongly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and remained highly significant after FDR correction (both q < 0.001). Regarding TIL-related parameters, higher eTILs (p = 0.028) and iTILs (p = 0.032) showed suggestive associations with prolonged overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis, and higher iTILs also showed a suggestive association with DFS (p = 0.045); however, none of these associations remained significant after FDR correction. In multivariate analysis, M stage and TNM stage were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for DFS, while eTILs (p = 0.099) and tumor deposit (p = 0.055) showed trends toward independent prognostic significance without reaching statistical significance.

conclusionThis study, for the first time, objectively quantifies TILs in SBA, a rare tumor, using digital pathology and explores the potential prognostic significance of TILs in SBA. TIL-related parameters demonstrate suggestive trends that warrant validation in larger, independent cohorts. These findings provide a foundation for future studies to clarify the role of TILs in SBA.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaAlgorithmsIntestinal NeoplasmsIntestine, SmallLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingAdultAgedAged, 80 and overEosine Yellowish-(YS)FemaleHematoxylinHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPrognosisEosine Yellowish-(YS)HematoxylinbiomarkerprognosisQuPathsmall bowel adenocarcinomaTILs

Identifiers

PMID42605155
PMCPMC13478715

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.