Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42604918›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Design, development, and performance evaluation of a vertical hydroponic system for fodder crop production and enhanced resource-use efficiency.

Zubair Ahmad Khan, Junaid Nazir Khan, Aqib Gul, Muzamil Yousuf, Rakesh Kumar, Umar Ashraf, Owais Ahmad Bhat, Murtaza Hassan, Zahid Nabi Sheikh, Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zubair Ahmad KhanCollege Of Agricultural Engineering And Technology, Sher-e- Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences And Technology, Srinagar, Shalimar, 190025, India.
Junaid Nazir KhanCollege Of Agricultural Engineering And Technology, Sher-e- Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences And Technology, Srinagar, Shalimar, 190025, India.
Aqib GulDivision of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Shalimar , 190025, India.
Muzamil YousufDivision of Plant Physiology, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India.
Rakesh KumarDivision of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, J&K, Jammu, 180009, India.
Umar AshrafDivision of Environmental Sceinces, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Shalimar, 190025, India.
Owais Ahmad BhatCollege Of Agricultural Engineering And Technology, Sher-e- Kashmir University Of Agricultural Sciences And Technology, Srinagar, Shalimar, 190025, India.
Murtaza HassanCentre for Protected Cultivation and Technology IARI, New Delhi, India.
Zahid Nabi SheikhDivision of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, J&K, Jammu, 180009, India. sheikhzahid375@gmail.com.
Munirah Abdullah Al-DosaryDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Maqsood Ul HussanZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Saud AlamriDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. saualamri@ksu.edu.sa.
Manzer H SiddiquiDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. mhsiddiqui@ksu.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), during 2022-2025 to design, develop, and evaluate a resource-efficient vertical hydroponic system for fodder production under the prevailing environmental conditions. The study addresses the need for compact, water-efficient, and continuously productive fodder systems through an integrated engineering-agronomic approach, which forms the novelty of this work. A seven-tier vertical hydroponic structure (14 trays) was fabricated using stainless steel and equipped with automated irrigation, LED-based supplemental lighting, and an IoT-based monitoring system. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with three irrigation durations (15, 10, and 5 s), two nutrient concentrations (100% and 50% Hydrogrow solution), and two light intensities (200 and 160 µmol m⁻

Indexed as

Crop ProductionCrops, AgriculturalHydroponicsAgricultural IrrigationTriticumZea maysHydroponic fodderIrrigation optimizationLED lightingResource-use efficiencySmart hydroponic systemVertical farming

Identifiers

PMID42604918
PMCPMC13479711

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.