Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42604449›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

A Novel Drug-Loaded Porous Parylene Electrode for Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Therapy and Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implantation.

Chi-Chieh Chang, Ying-Chang Lu, Yu-Ming Chang, Yen-Hui Chan, Hong-Yu Yan, Yi-Shan Lee, Pei-Hsuan Lin, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Chuan-Jen Hsu, Tien-Chen Liu and 2 more

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Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Chi-Chieh ChangDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ying-Chang LuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yu-Ming ChangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yen-Hui ChanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hong-Yu YanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yi-Shan LeeDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Pei-Hsuan LinDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Yu HsiehDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chuan-Jen HsuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tien-Chen LiuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hsien-Yeh ChenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-6680
Chen-Chi WuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan NSTC 110-2314-B-002-189-MY3National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan NSTC 112-2221-E-002-025-MY3National Taiwan University Hospital 114-SS0053
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility and therapeutic effectiveness of a novel drug‑loaded parylene electrode prototype (PEP) designed to reduce inflammation and hearing loss associated with cochlear implantation (CI). The porous PEP was fabricated using vapor‑phase sublimation and deposition, producing an interconnected structure with 20-30 µm pores and mechanical flexibility suitable for intracochlear placement. Dexamethasone was incorporated into the device (Dex/PEP), and in vitro characterization using ELISA and spectrophotometry demonstrated controlled first‑order release kinetics. Guinea pigs underwent microsurgical implantation of PEPs, with accurate positioning confirmed by micro‑CT imaging. Auditory outcomes were assessed through auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements, and cochlear tissues were examined histologically to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression. The Dex/PEP device exhibited biosafety comparable to traditional silicone electrodes and provided sustained drug release. Animals receiving Dex/PEP showed significantly improved ABR thresholds at 1 and 4 weeks compared with blank PEP controls (p < 0.05), indicating reduced inflammation‑induced hearing loss. Histological analysis further revealed diminished inflammatory cell infiltration and markedly decreased TNF‑α expression at the round window membrane (p = 0.001). These findings support the drug‑loaded PEP as a promising targeted delivery platform for reducing cochlear inflammation and preserving hearing following CI.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsCochlear ImplantationCochlear ImplantsDexamethasoneHearingPolymersXylenesAnimalsEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemGuinea PigsHearing LossPorosityTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnti-Inflammatory AgentsDexamethasoneparylenePolymersTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaXylenescochlear implantationdexamethasonedrug deliveryotoprotectionparylene

Identifiers

PMID42604449
PMCPMC13586630

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.