ArticleJTCVS open2026
Managing cyanotic neonates with tetralogy of Fallot: A national perspective on surgical approaches.
Article in JTCVS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Management of cyanotic neonates with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) remains an important clinical challenge without Level 1 evidence. The present study employs the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids Inpatient Dataset to evaluate a national sample of neonates undergoing intervention for ToF. Methods: A 4-stage algorithm was designed to capture records for neonates with ToF who underwent primary repair, ductal stents, and systemic-to-pulmonary shunts in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids Inpatient Dataset (2016, 2019, and 2022). National hospitalization estimates and percent reported reflect weighted results based on survey design. Resource utilization was represented by median hospital length of stay and inflation-adjusted cost in 2023 US dollars. Results: An estimated 159.5 discharges were identified for primary repair, 145.3 for ductal stents, and 407.4 for surgical systemic to pulmonary shunts. An estimated 256.3 discharges were identified for infants undergoing definitive repairs following ductal stents. From 2016 to 2022, ductal stent utilization increased (linear trend Conclusions: This investigation demonstrated increased utilization of ductal stents for neonatal ToF across the United States. Despite this increase, changes in cost may reflect a complex paradigm shift in patient/center-specific decision making.
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