ArticleCureus2026
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Following Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Case Report.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by dysregulated immune activation. With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), HLH has emerged as an uncommon but serious immune-related adverse event. An 84-year-old woman with malignant pleural mesothelioma developed fever, rigours, collapse, confusion, worsening cytopenias, cholestatic liver dysfunction, marked hyperferritinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypofibrinogenaemia after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Extensive microbiological investigations were negative. She fulfilled five HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, supporting a diagnosis of probable ICI-associated HLH. Dexamethasone was started, with rapid clinical and biochemical improvement. This case highlights the importance of recognising HLH as a rare but life-threatening complication of checkpoint inhibitor therapy and supports early corticosteroid treatment, once infection has been reasonably excluded.
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