ArticleJTCVS open2026
Survival and outcomes after nonoperative management of operable non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in JTCVS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: The outcomes of patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer who forgo surgery remain poorly defined in the era of modern systemic and radiation therapies. This study evaluated the survival of untreated operable non-small cell lung cancer compared with nonsurgically treated patients using contemporary data. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (2018-2022), we identified patients with clinical stage I to IIIB non-small cell lung cancer considered operable. Patients were classified as untreated, treated nonoperatively (stereotactic body radiotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or combinations), or surgically treated with/without perioperative therapy. Baseline characteristics and overall survival were compared using chi-square, Results: Among 155,693 operable patients, 149,686 (96%) underwent surgery, 4373 (3%) received nonoperative treatment, and 1634 (1%) were untreated. Untreated patients were younger (72.3 vs 73.2 years, Conclusions: Patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer who undergo surgical treatment achieve the most favorable survival outcomes. Those treated nonoperatively in the modern era of precision oncology also experience a meaningful survival advantage. In contrast, untreated operable non-small cell lung cancer remains associated with poor prognosis, with median survival less than 1 year for stage III disease. These findings highlight the critical importance of offering active treatment, surgical or nonsurgical, whenever feasible.
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