From Evidence to Action: Addressing Micronutrient Gaps among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi Using the Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment Framework.

Background: Despite limited and irregular micronutrient data collection in resource-poor countries like Malawi, existing evidence remains underutilized despite its potential to guide policies and programs addressing persistently high micronutrient deficiencies. Objectives: This study applied the Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment (CONGA) methodology to identify priority micronutrient gaps among Malawian women of reproductive age (WRA) and to determine locally available foods capable of substantially contributing to closing these gaps. Methods: The assessment followed CONGA procedures and included the following: Results: Clear micronutrient gaps were identified for calcium, iron, selenium, and zinc, whereas potential gaps were found for vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and phosphorus. Small fish, gathered wild greens, and dairy emerged as nutrient-dense foods capable of addressing several of these gaps; however, their current consumption remains low. Cereals and vegetables constituted the most consumed foods among WRA households, yet they were insufficient to meet requirements. Conclusions: Substantial micronutrient gaps persist among Malawian WRA, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve access to and intake of nutrient-rich foods. Priority actions include strengthening nutrition education and dietary diversification, increasing the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods, and expanding fortification and biofortification initiatives. Further research is required to clarify the burden associated with micronutrients classified as having potential gaps.