ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba spp.: Coprological and antibody-based approaches across farm animals in Egypt.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis) and Entamoeba spp. are enteric protozoans causing gastrointestinal illnesses in humans and animals worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Entamoeba infections in farm animals in Egypt, and to develop an in-house sandwich ELISA for their coproantigen detection. In this study, a total of 2674 fecal samples were collected from buffaloes (N = 875), cattle (N = 770), sheep (N = 520), and goats (N = 509) from different age groups across five governorates. All samples were examined using conventional microscopical methods. Using microscopy, Giardia and Entamoeba infections were detected in 626/2674 (23.4%) and 457/2674 (17.1%) of samples, respectively, and sheep showed the highest infection rates by both parasites (44.6% and 28.8% for Giardia and Entamoeba, respectively). Representative isolates were molecularly characterized, to confirm parasite identity prior to antigen preparation, targeting β-giardin (bg) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene, confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis (GenBank: OQ388331.1 , OQ388332.1 , OR029977.1 , OR029976.1 , OR029974.1 , OR029975.1 and PP316110.1 ) and E. histolytica (GenBank: OR016432.1 ). Antigens were prepared separately from these isolates, and the polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were prepared in rabbits and purified using Protein-A-Sepharose affinity columns. Then, Anti‑Giardia IgG pAbs and Anti-Entamoeba IgG pAbs in-house sandwich ELISAs were tested separately on all fecal samples revealing infection rates of 45.2% (1208/2674) for Giardia sp. and 30.1% (805/2674) for Entamoeba sp. with high ability to detect Giardia (χ
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.