ArticleOral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology2026
Application of digital simulations for clinical assessment and documentation of temporomandibular disorders: a retrospective study.
Article in Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveHigh-quality clinical documentation is critical for diagnostic accuracy and patient care; yet standardized assessment and formal training in temporomandibular disorder (TMD)-specific documentation remain limited in clinical education. This study evaluated whether a virtual patient-based learning (VPBL) platform improves quality and completeness of TMD-related clinical documentation among predoctoral dental students.
methodsThird-year dental students completed a preintervention clinical note for a hypothetical patient with myofascial pain with referral following a 4-hour didactic session led by an orofacial pain (OFP) specialist. Two weeks later, students completed a postintervention clinical note for a comparable case following 1-hour VPBL simulation. Documentation quality was independently scored by two OFP specialists using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = "Poor" to 4 = "Excellent") across SOAP framework domains (subjective, objective, assessment, plan). Pre- and postintervention scores were compared using paired t-tests.
resultsAmong 130 participants, postintervention scores were significantly higher (all P's < .001) for history taking (3.1 ± 0.9 vs 2.9 ± 0.9), clinical examination (3.2 ± 0.8 vs 2.7 ± 0.9), assessment (3.4 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.7), treatment plan (3.6 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.6), and overall documentation quality (13.3 ± 2.2 vs 11.7 ± 2.3). Results remained unchanged after accounting for prior clinical patient exposure.
conclusionsVPBL significantly improved quality of standardized TMD-related documentation, supporting its role in bridging didactic learning and clinical readiness in TMD practice.
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