ReviewStem cell reviews and reports2026
Mesenchymal stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Bladder Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives.
Review in Stem cell reviews and reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction comprises diverse lower urinary tract disorders lacking treatments that restore tissue integrity and neural control. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise in regenerative urology, their benefits primarily stem from paracrine mechanisms. Consequently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as superior cell-free alternatives, recapitulating the parent cells' regenerative potential with enhanced biosafety, stability, and controllability.This review summarizes advances in MSC- and MSC-EV-based therapies for bladder conditions, including neurogenic, diabetic, overactive/underactive bladder, outlet obstruction, and interstitial cystitis. Mechanistically, these therapies exert multi-target effects: modulating immunity, suppressing fibrosis (via TGF-β inhibition), attenuating inflammation (via NF-κB/NLRP3), promoting angiogenesis, and enhancing neuroregeneration. MSC-EVs drive these processes by precisely transferring bioactive microRNAs and proteins.We propose a paradigm shift from conventional cell therapies to MSC-EV-centric, cell-free strategies, which overcome traditional transplantation limitations like low engraftment and immunogenicity. While early data confirm feasibility and safety, challenges in standardizing EV isolation, dosing, and long-term efficacy remain. Ultimately, this review establishes MSC-EVs as a next-generation therapeutic framework, guiding future clinical translation in regenerative urology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42603244What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.