ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Adipogenesis and Stem Cell Activation in Facial Fat After Repeated Low-energy Continuous Monopolar Radiofrequency: Ultrasound, 3D Imaging, and Histological Study.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: High-intensity pulsed radiofrequency (RF) devices are effective for skin tightening but may cause facial fat atrophy in lean individuals. This study investigates whether repeated low-energy continuous monopolar RF could stimulate adipogenesis and stem cell activation, providing a noninvasive approach to facial volumization. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, 25 healthy women (body mass index <21 kg/m Results: Body weight remained stable throughout the study. Three-dimensional imaging demonstrated significant increases in tissue thickness (QuantifiCare, +0.86 ± 0.21 mm, Conclusions: This study is the first to present convergent evidence from 3D imaging, ultrasound, and histological analysis demonstrating that repeated low-energy continuous monopolar RF increased subcutaneous fat thickness and transiently activated mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human facial tissue. The increased fat layer was consistent with adipogenic remodeling rather than inflammatory edema and persisted beyond the treatment period.
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