ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Pain characteristics and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults: dose-response relationships and sex differences in a longitudinal study on aging in Taiwan.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Frailty, a geriatric syndrome characterized by vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, has become increasingly prevalent with global population aging. Research suggests that pain can predict frailty. However, current evidence is limited by factors such as cross-sectional research designs and specific study populations. In this study, we investigated the associations between pain characteristics (e.g., pain intensity; pain-related interferences in normal work, mood, and sleep; and pain duration) and incident frailty in participants from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA). Methods: This study included community-dwelling individuals aged 50 and older ( Results: Pain characteristics exhibited clear dose-response relationships with incident frailty. Higher pain intensity, greater pain-related interferences in normal work, sleep, and mood; and longer pain duration corresponded to a higher risk of frailty. Pain lasting >6 months and causing moderate to severe interference in normal work increased frailty risk after full adjustment [odds ratio (OR): 1.89 vs. 1.56, Conclusion: This study revealed robust dose-response relationships between pain characteristics and incident frailty. Chronic pain and pain-related interference in normal work emerged as strongest predictors of frailty. Significant sex differences were observed. Our findings underscore the importance of comprehensive pain assessment and early intervention in supporting patients at a high risk of frailty.
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