ArticleSAGE open medicine2026
The association of empirical treatment with oseltamivir with the outcome of critically ill patients admitted with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI).
Article in SAGE open medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objective: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are widely used empirically in critically ill patients with suspected influenza; however, their effect on mortality remains uncertain. This multicenter study evaluates the association between empirical treatment with oseltamivir and the outcome of critically ill patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the ICUs of four hospitals in Saudi Arabia, involving adult patients with SARI from September 2012 to December 2018. Data collected were: demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, and outcomes among patients treated with oseltamivir and those who were not. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. The association of oseltamivir and mortality was evaluated adjusting for propensity score. Results: During the study period, 456 patients with SARI were included in the study, 301 were treated with empirical oseltamivir within a median of 1 day from presentation (interquartile range, 0-1 day) and a median of 4 days after symptom onset, while 155 patients were not. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Of the included patients, 334 (73%) were tested for influenza using PCR, and 87 (26%) had a confirmed diagnosis of influenza. Patients on oseltamivir were less likely to require rescue oxygen therapy (22.9% vs. 34.8%, p=0.007), and had shorter hospital stay (20 days vs. 27 days, p=0.01). Patients treated with oseltamivir had significantly reduced 90-day mortality on adjusted analyses (aOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81-0.94, p=0.0002). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association with reduced mortality extends to patients >70 years old (aOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, p=0.02) and those with negative influenza tests (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.84, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Among critically ill patients with SARI, empirical treatment with oseltamivir was associated with lower mortality. These results add to the body of evidence suggesting clinical benefits of oseltamivir in managing critically ill patients with influenza-like illnesses.
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