ReviewAnnals of neurosciences2026
Neuroimaging in Addiction: Principles of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Its Emerging Role in De-addiction: A Narrative Review.
Review in Annals of neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a major global health challenge with high relapse rates. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive, portable modality enabling real-time monitoring of cortical haemodynamic changes, is well suited to studying addiction neurobiology in ecologically valid settings. This review examines fNIRS principles and applications in addiction research and de-addiction therapy. Summary: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched (2000-2025) using terms including fNIRS, addiction, substance use disorder, prefrontal cortex, neurofeedback and de-addiction. fNIRS reliably detects altered prefrontal cortex (PFC) haemodynamic responses during cue-reactivity and cognitive tasks in addiction. Findings include reduced dorsolateral PFC activation with prolonged abstinence, differential orbitofrontal cortex activation across substances, and use as a treatment-response biomarker. Emerging applications include neurofeedback and machine-learning-based classification. fNIRS offers portability and ecological validity over conventional neuroimaging. Future research should standardise protocols, validate biomarkers in multicentre trials, and integrate fNIRS with EEG and fMRI. Key Message: fNIRS is a portable, non-invasive tool that reliably detects altered prefrontal cortex activation in substance use disorders. Cue-reactivity and cognitive paradigms identify biomarkers of craving, executive dysfunction and relapse risk. fNIRS-based neurofeedback shows early promise for improving self-regulation and reducing relapse. Wearable fNIRS with machine learning and multimodal integration enables personalised addiction monitoring.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.