Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42602161›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2026

Comparative efficacy and safety of probiotic for respiratory tract infections in children: a network meta-analysis.

Feiyang Na, Yannan Wang, Li Zhou, Baolin Wang, Jiaoyan Lian, Xiaohong Xu

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Feiyang NaDepartment of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.
Yannan WangDepartment of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Li ZhouDepartment of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.
Baolin WangDepartment of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.
Jiaoyan LianDepartment of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.
Xiaohong XuDepartment of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital), Lanzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of various probiotic regimens for treating Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in otherwise healthy children. Methods: Six Chinese and English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the RTIs in children published from inception to November 15th, 2025. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were used to assess the efficacy and safety. Results: Eight RCTs enrolling 1,158 children aged 0.69 to 6.4 years from Ukraine, China, Malaysia, India, and Italy were included. Conclusion: Moderate- to high-certainty evidence supports Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251074234, identifier CRD420251074234.

Indexed as

efficacynetwork meta-analysisprobioticrespiratory tract infectionssafety

Identifiers

PMID42602161
PMCPMC13473285

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.