ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
In-hospital inflammatory-nutritional-renal trajectory phenotypes and 90-day readmission or mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remain at high risk for early readmission and death after discharge. Static biomarkers may not fully capture the evolving inflammatory, nutritional, and renal status during hospitalization. We aimed to identify in-hospital inflammatory-nutritional-renal trajectory phenotypes and assess their associations with 90-day post-discharge outcomes. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 633 adults hospitalized with ADHF between January 2018 and December 2025 who survived to discharge and had serial measurements of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission, 48-72 h after admission, and before discharge. Multivariate latent class mixed modelling was used to identify trajectory phenotypes. The primary outcome was all-cause readmission or all-cause mortality within 90 days after discharge. Associations were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, with supplementary time-to-event analyses. Results: Overall, 172 patients (27.2%) experienced the primary outcome. Three phenotypes were identified: Phenotype 1, low inflammation-stable nutrition-stable renal function ( Conclusions: In-hospital inflammatory-nutritional-renal trajectory phenotypes were associated with graded 90-day risks after ADHF discharge and provided limited additional prognostic information beyond baseline clinical and biomarker data. Prospective external validation is required before clinical implementation.
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