ReviewHepatology forum2026
WHO 2024 Hepatitis B Guidelines: No more gray zone for low- and middle-income countries? An evaluation.
Review in Hepatology forum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established targets to reduce the incidence rates of viral hepatitis by 90% and the death rate by 65% by 2030. However, despite global efforts, a substantial treatment gap persists, with merely 3% of eligible patients worldwide receiving antiviral therapy as of 2022. With more than 254 million people living with chronic HBV infection and approximately 1.1 million related deaths annually, the updated 2024 WHO guidelines significantly expand treatment eligibility to help achieve this objective. This review discusses how the new changes would benefit gray zone patients, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) who were historically excluded from therapy. By introducing age-based thresholds, incorporating non-invasive grading methods, and persistent ALT elevation to the treatment network, the 2024 guidelines promise broader inclusion. This review highlights the significance of these changes and evaluates the potential impact on the gray zone patients in resource-limited settings.
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