ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
L-carvone supplementation reduces methane production and modulates rumen fermentation, digestibility and microbial communities
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Natural feed additives are increasingly explored to reduce ruminal methane emissions. This study evaluated L-carvone (LC), a monoterpene compound present in essential oils, for its effects at different inclusion levels on rumen fermentation, Methods: Three treatments were tested: a basal diet (total mixed ration; TMR + 0 μL/L LC), LC250 (TMR + 250 μL/L LC), and LC500 (TMR + 500 μL/L LC), using a 59:41 concentrate-to-forage substrate. Fermentation parameters were analysed using the Gas Endeavour system and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbiota profile. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, with treatment included as a fixed effect and experimental runs as a random effect. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using Bonferroni correction, with Results: Total gas production decreased progressively with increasing LC inclusion ( Conclusion: The LC reduced methane production during a 24-h
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